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Gavin Wood在新加坡的演讲：Polkadot JAM

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本文是根据Gavin Wood2024年9月16日在新加坡Polkadot Decoded Asia演讲时所展示的PPT翻译而成。

Lemma 1:All stable social systems need forms of governance

引理1： 所有稳定的社会系统都需要治理形式。

Lemma 2: Democratic mechanisms are essential apparatus of governance

引理2：民主机制是治理的基本工具。

Lemma 2b: Democratic mechanisms are essential apparatus of governance within the Free World

引理2.1：民主机制是自由世界中治理的基本工具。

Lemma 3: Humanity is fast transitioning to the digital realm

引理3：人类正在快速向数字领域转型。

Lemma4: Web3 is the norms and principles of the Free World applied to the digital realm

引理4： Web3是自由世界的规范和原则在数字领域的应用。

Lemma 5: Without strong individuality, democratic mechanisms are impossible

引理5：没有强烈的个性，民主机制就不可能实现。

Consider: If l am having a conversation with someone, and I cannot tell whether it is a human or an Al-that's the end of democracy. CPakndn Yuval Noah Hariri(The Economist, 28/04/23)

思考：如果我在和某人交谈，而我无法分辨他是人类还是人工智能——这就是民主的终结。——Yuval Noah Harari（《经济学人》，2023年4月28日）

Lemma 6: Blockchain systems are social systems

引理6：区块链系统是社会系统。

Lemma 6b: Blockchain systems capable of evolution are social systems

引理6.1：能够进化的区块链系统是社会系统。

Conclusion: Blockchains need Strong Individuality to survive. The Free World needs Web3 and Strong Individuality to survive.

Individuality cuts close to the bone It might send a shudder down your spine

结论：区块链需要强烈的个性才能生存。自由世界需要Web3和强烈的个性才能生存。

Individuality vs Identity

Identity aids in linking my interactions; it compromises my digital self. Pervasive strong identity is the despot's dream.

Individuality only demonstrates my uniqueness; it allows me to strongly exercise my rights without fear. It is the despot's nightmare.

Beware Identity solutions posing as Individuality products.

个性与身份的区别：

身份：帮助连接我的交互，但会损害我的数字自我。普遍且强大的身份是暴政者的梦想。

个性：仅展示我的独特性，允许我强烈地行使我的权利而无所畏惧。它是暴政者的噩梦。

注意事项：警惕那些以个性产品自居的身份解决方案。

Examples of Individuality- Identity leakage.

Proof-of-age

Crypto purchases

Basically all voting

Foreign-exchange services

Any time you're asked for a credit card online

个性的例子：身份证明泄露、年龄证明、加密货币购买、基本投票、外汇服务等。

The Nature of Digital Individuality Individuality is a social, not logical, construct Ergo, not "provable" with math Therefore it must be discovered and consensus over its validity found No Silver Bullet

数字个人主义的本质：个人主义是一种社会而非逻辑的构建，因此无法用数学“证明”，必须通过发现和达成一致意见来确定其有效性。没有万灵丹。

The Nature of Digital Individuality ·Enlightened discovery implies evidence collection, evaluation & judgement Web3 principles imply no reliance on trust: Evidence must be primary source Evidence must be open for all to evaluate.Principle of universality implies a single judgement

数字个人主义的本质：启蒙发现意味着收集证据、评估和判断。Web3 原则意味着不依赖信任：证据必须是原始来源，必须对所有人开放评估。普遍性原则意味着一个单一的判断。

The Nature of Digital Individuality We must find consensus on: kinds of evidence; evaluation criteria; 。 how to arrive at a judgement.

数字个人主义的本质：我们必须就以下方面达成一致：证据的类型、评估标准、如何做出判断。

The Nature of Digital Individuality A Digital Individuality Mechanism is really just a definition for this collection, evaluation &judgement.

数字个人主义的本质：数字个人主义机制实际上只是对这种收集、评估和判断的定义。

Designed for Privacy.Privacy when proving individuality Unique unlinkable alias for every context in which individuality is used Unlinkable to financial events

设计注重隐私：在证明个人身份时保护隐私，每个用于个人身份的上下文中都有独特的、不可链接的别名，不可链接到财务事件。

Designed to Scale.Initial design scales to over a million Design improvements to deliver billions

设计注重可扩展性：初始设计可扩展到超过一百万，设计改进可交付数十亿。

Designed to Work Against the Odds .No reliance on governments. No reliance on Web2 platforms. No reliance on special hardware..No central key-keeper. No common confessional. No trust.

设计注重对抗困难：不依赖政府、不依赖 Web2 平台、不依赖特殊硬件、没有中央密钥保管人、没有共同的忏悔室、没有信任。

Technology Bulletin Chain:1TB of secure web-accessible decentralized data-storage for Polkadot system. Small Statements Hub: Decentralized private off-chain web-accessible pub/sub database for small messages sent between accounts.

Technology Relay PubSub:Fast and easy publication and subscription of small data between parachains..TransactionExtension: Low-level support for strongly private transactions, signed only with a zk-proof.

Technology

RingVRF: zk-SNARK-based cryptographic privacyprimitive allowing strong privacy within a groupVouchers Pallet: Privacy layer for system(treasury) payments to ensure unlinkabilitybetween reason and destination of payment

技术

Bulletin Chain： Polkadot 系统的 1TB 安全、可访问的去中心化数据存储。
Small Statements Hub：一个去中心化的私有、离链、可访问的发布/订阅数据库，用于在账户之间发送小消息。Relay PubSub：在平行链之间快速、轻松地发布和订阅小数据。
TransactionExtension：对高度私密的交易提供低级别的支持，仅使用 zk-proof 进行签名。
RingVRF：基于 zk-SNARK 的加密隐私原语，允许在组内实现强大的隐私。
Vouchers Pallet：系统（国库）支付的隐私层，以确保支付的原因和目的地之间不可链接。

Integration

Easy private Polkadot-ecosystem-wide Sybil-resistence

let alias = ensure_person(origin, b"My context")?;Kusama has same APl.

EVM parachains and Ethereum ecosystem whichsupport appropriate crypto will also have an EVM API.

集成

易于实现私有的、抗女巫攻击的 Polkadot 生态系统范围内的别名

let alias = ensure_person(origin, b"My context")?;
Kusama 具有相同的 API。
支持适当加密的 EVM 平行链和以太坊生态系统也将具有 EVM API。

For keys, a new zk-SNARK-based cryptographicprimitive, the RingVRF is used.

Based on Bandersnatch cryptography used in JAM &Sassafras, wallets and chains can integrate easily inorder to let individuals prove unlinkable individualityWorking on compatibility with major EVM chains.

对于密钥，使用了一种新的基于 zk-SNARK 的加密原语，即 RingVRF。
基于 JAM 和 Sassafras 中使用的 Bandersnatch 加密，钱包和链可以轻松集成，以便让个人证明不可链接的个人身份。
正在研究与主要 EVM 链的兼容性。

DIM1

The first of three Digital Individuality Mechanismsdeveloped by Parity.This is the most invasive, but also requires the leastmaintenance and can be done remotely.

DIM1

Parity 开发的三种数字个人身份机制中的第一种。
这是最具侵入性的，但也需要最少的维护，并且可以远程完成。

DIM1:Proof-of-Ink

eA tattoo at a universal place on the body......of a unique design assigned on-chain usingtrustless entropy......evidence is final 3 minute video of tattooing....iudgement by common vote over citizenry.